Rapid three-dimensional urban model production using bilayered displacement mapping     

B. Yoo 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(1):24-46

The depiction and navigation of large-scale urban landscapes are limited by the great cost of traditional computer-aided design (CAD) models for large urban environment in terms of both the labor of data entry and the runtime computational expense. This article presents a hybrid modeling approach that enables rapid urban model production from legacy spatial data. Our scheme fills the gap between the low geometry models, such as photo-textured digital terrains, and high geometry models, such as true three-dimensional CAD models. To achieve optimal performance in modeling and rendering, we employ bilayered displacement mapping consisting of global displacement mapping (GDM) for terrains and local displacement mapping (LDM) for buildings. The LDM is performed only within image processing so that the complexity of the models depends only on the area of an urban model. We present a use case of rapid urban model production to compare our approach with the traditional polygonal urban models of a widely used geo-browser.  相似文献   

兰桥排土场边坡失稳模式及其稳定性数值分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许旭堂  简文彬 《地震学刊》2013,(6):686-690

以兰桥矿区排土场边坡工程为例,在掌握排土场边坡工程地质条件的基础上,详细分析该多台阶排土场边坡失稳的破坏模式和主要影响因素,采用极限平衡法和有限元强度折减法对其稳定性进行分析。计算结果表明,该边坡可能沿着排土场下卧腐殖土层滑动,塑性区首先在腐殖土层贯通,接着主要向上产生2条塑性区变化带,其中沿着中部台阶边坡发展的塑性区较早贯通,而塑性区朝坡顶的贯通相对滞后;随着地下水位的升高,竖向拉应力区有扩展趋势,其产生的附加位移越大,对边坡的安全越不利;以竖向增量位移的变化趋势作为监测和分析边坡稳定性的依据时,应避开位移为零或变化很小的坡段;水平增量位移集中于坡脚,并且在边坡中部偏下的位置开始产生剧变,这种不连续的过渡,更加剧了边坡失稳的可能性。  相似文献   

Geomorphic and stream flow influences on large wood dynamics and displacement lengths in high gradient mountain streams (Chile)          下载免费PDF全文

Andrés Iroumé  Virginia Ruiz‐Villanueva  Luca Mao  Guillermo Barrientos  Markus Stoffel  Gastón Vergara 《水文研究》2018,32(17):2636-2653

Understanding large wood (LW; ≥1 m long and ≥10 cm in diameter) dynamics in rivers is critical for many disciplines including those assessing flood hazard and risk. However, our understanding of wood entrainment and deposition is still limited, mainly because of the lack of long‐term monitoring of wood‐related processes. The dataset presented here was obtained from more than 8 years of monitoring of 1,264 tagged wood pieces placed in 4 low‐order streams of the Chilean mountain ranges and was used to further our understanding of key factors controlling LW dynamics. We show that LW displacement lengths were longer during periods when peak‐flow water depths (H_max) exceeded the bankfull stage (H_Bk) than in periods with H_max ≤ H_Bk and that these differences were significantly higher for smaller wood pieces. LW length and length relative to channel dimensions were the main factors governing LW entrainment; LW displacement lengths were inversely related to the ratio of piece length to H_15% (i.e., the level above which the flow remains for 15% of the time) and to the ratio of H_15% to bankfull width. Unrooted logs and LW pieces located at the bankfull stage travelled significantly longer distances than logs with attached rootwads and those located in other positions within the bankfull channel. A few large logjams were broken during the period of observation, and in all occasions, LW from these broken logjams did not travel over longer distances than other pieces of LW moved in the same periods and in the same stream segments. Most importantly, our work reveals that LW dynamics tend to be concentrated within a few reaches in each stream and that reaches exhibiting high wood dynamics (extensive entrainment, deposition, or repositioning of LW) are significantly wider and less steep than less dynamic reaches.  相似文献   

基于地球简正模理论的Love数计算     

秦明  周江存  韩保民 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(9):908-912

基于地球简正模理论，深入研究球对称、非自转、弹性、各向同性地球模型下，地球受到不同外力作用(体力和面力)而发生变形引起的位移场和外部空间重力场的变化；推导计算潮汐Love数、负荷Love数、正应力和剪应力Love数的计算公式，揭示简正模与Love数之间的内在联系；利用PREM地球模型计算地表的不同Love数，并与由常规的解微分方程组的数值积分方法获得的结果进行比较。结果表明，两者具有很好的一致性，说明公式的正确性。  相似文献   

2018年松原5.7级地震前地磁垂直分量日变化低点时间时空演化特征     

戴勇  高立新  姚丽  杨彦明  格根  梁沙沙 《大地测量与地球动力学》2020,40(6):601-607

本文对松原5.7级地震前地磁垂直分量日变化低点时间时空演化特征进行研究，结果显示：1）以去除经度效应后低点时间为0 h的等值线作为低点位移分界线，松原5.7级地震的震中分别位于2018-04-13分界线上和2018-04-24分界线附近；2）异常日期间，中国大陆地磁垂直分量日变形态存在分区特征，去除经度效应后低点时间为正、负的区域内日变形态分别以“W”型和“V”型为主；3）在2018-04-13和2018-04-24这2个异常日期间，中国大陆都存在去除经度效应后的低点时间高梯度带，松原5.7级地震的震中分别位于2018-04-13高梯度区边缘和2018-04-24高梯度区东侧。  相似文献   

Mapping hydraulic fractures from tiltmeter data using the ensemble Kalman filter          下载免费PDF全文

Venkataraman Pandurangan  Zuorong Chen  Robert G. Jeffrey 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2016,40(4):546-567

Hydraulic fracturing involves the initiation and propagation of fractures in rock formations by the injection of pressurized fluid. The largest use of hydraulic fracturing is in enhancing oil and gas production. Tiltmeters are sometimes used in the process to monitor the generated fracture geometry by measuring the fracture‐induced deformations. Fracture growth parameters obtained from tiltmeter mapping can be used to study the effectiveness of such stimulations. In this work, we present a novel scheme that uses the ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) to assimilate tiltmeter data using a simple process model to describe the evolution of fracture growth parameters, and an observation model that maps the fracture geometry with the observed tilt. The forward observation model is based on the analytical solution for computing the displacements and tilts due to a point source displacement discontinuity in an elastic half‐space developed by Okada 1 . The displacement and tilts for any given fracture geometry are then obtained by numerical integration of this solution, by considering multiple point sources to be located at the quadrature points. The proposed method is validated using synthetic data sets generated from polygon and elliptical shaped fracture geometries. Finally, real data from a field site, where asymmetry was measured from the intersections of the hydraulic fracture with offset boreholes, have been analyzed. Preliminary results show that, in addition to extracting the fracture dip, orientation, and volume, the procedure is able to satisfactorily predict fracture growth parameters when the fracture is relatively close to the tiltmeter array and provides some insight into the development of asymmetry when the measurements are relatively far from the fracture plane. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Study of wave attenuation across parallel fractures using propagator matrix method     

J. B. Zhu  J. Zhao  J. G. Cai 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2012,36(10):1264-1279

Stress wave attenuation across fractured rock masses is a great concern of underground structure safety. This paper presents an analytical study on wave attenuation across parallel fractures at arbitrary incidence angles, where multiple reflections occurring between fractures are taken into account. Combined with displacement discontinuous model, plane wave analysis and propagator matrix method are applied to develop relations between the first layer and the nth layer with respect to potential amplitudes or displacements and stresses in matrix form. With initial and boundary conditions for different scenarios, potential amplitudes in any layer or displacements and stresses at any point can be obtained by solving corresponding matrixes. After parametric studies, it is found that parameters including incidence angle, normalized fracture stiffness, number of fractures, and fracture spacing have obvious effects on wave attenuation across parallel fractures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

海洋工程中双柔性圆柱流激振动响应特性     

徐万海  李宇寒  闫术明  马烨璇 《海洋工程》2020,38(2):8-16

海洋立管、海底管线和浮式平台系泊缆等柔性圆柱结构的流激振动会造成严重的疲劳损伤。目前,关于单根柔性圆柱流激振动的研究较多。为研究多根柔性圆柱系统的流激振动特性,开展了双柔性圆柱流激振动的模型试验。采用模态分析法将试验测量应变转化为位移。通过分析双柔性圆柱在并列、串列和交错排布方式下的响应位移、控制频率,揭示了双柔性圆柱的流激振动特性。研究结果表明:柔性圆柱并列排布时,两圆柱的相互作用使结构顺流向位移增大;柔性圆柱串列排布时,受遮蔽效应的影响,下游圆柱控制模态较低。由于柔性圆柱的多模态响应特性,"锁频"区后下游圆柱的位移并未显著增大;柔性圆柱交错排布时,下游圆柱发生"Wake-flutter",横流向和顺流向的控制频率接近,顺流向的位移显著增大。  相似文献   

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王梅  江在森  侯贺晟 《大地测量与地球动力学》2010,30(2):19-24

GPSλ?????в???????????????????б??????????????????仯?????????????????????????????????????, ???????????????????????????????????????????м?????п??幹??????????????з????????????????????????????????????????????GPS????е????仯???????????????????????????????Ч????????????????е???????????????????????  相似文献   

地铁隧道下穿小河和桥梁的施工方案研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李奎  高波 《岩土力学》2010,31(5):1509-1516

综合工程经验,对北京地铁5号线过河过桥隧道施工可能采用的4种超前支护方案即水平旋喷桩、全断面深孔注浆、长管棚、加密小导管注浆并辅以临时仰拱进行初步分析,认为加密小导管方案在施工造价、掘进速度和施工影响方面具有优势。采用三维数值模拟方法对长管棚方案和加密小导管方案进行进一步评价并择优。数值模拟结果显示,在不计管棚施工对地层提前扰动的情况下,长管棚方案与加密小导管方案对桥台、桥墩以及小月河河底的影响是相当的,可以认为,加密小导管方案将优于长管棚方案;长管棚、小导管和锁脚小导管承受弯矩较小,锁脚小导管以及隧道拱部的小导管承受轴压力,边墙的小导管既承受轴压力又承受轴拉力,长管棚主要承受轴拉力。  相似文献